Mapua Cwts-01 Homework free essay sample

By letting them experience genuine circumstances, they can practice to act the best possible way when they manage this situation later on. They will figure out how to assess more the circumstance as opposed to taking activities indiscreetly. The means are like the one in the module. A. 2 How would you say you will apply to yourself the fundamental beliefs of Mapua? Clarify. Right off the bat, I will go to every one of my classes routinely. At that point I’ll consistently tune in to the useful tidbits of the Professors. I’ll do my assignments genuinely. I’ll concentrate hard and maintain a strategic distance from drugs, awful indecencies and so forth. Additionally, by doing my absolute best to each undertaking that is given. Furthermore, by protecting and supporting my relationship with God. B. Section 7 : Industry and Entrepreneurship B. 1 As an understudy, how might you have any kind of effect in the lives of others particularly the individuals who are less blessed? The best thing that I can do to help them currently is concentrate hard. We will compose a custom paper test on Mapua Cwts-01 Homework or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page By concentrating hard, we can search for an occupation and gain cash. By gaining compensation, I can make good on my assessment and let the gov’t help the individuals. On the off chance that I can likewise gain heaps of benefits, at that point I can add to ventures like developments of schools and ospitals for them. Be that as it may, as an understudy, I can take an interest in network administrations like training ways on how they can live they life without limit (book of scriptures study). B. 2 If you are one of the effective businessperson, what might be your Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? If I somehow managed to be one, at that point I will build offices like schools, emergency clinics and so on. By giving employments in the spot, I’ll improve the lives of the individuals. Another is by showing the individuals to quit consuming their trash since it can influence the earth. Likewise, by leading ventures like tree planting, and reusing. C. Part 8 : Care for Health C. 1 What are the administration projects to help in the ailing health issue among Filipino youngsters? Count clarify. One case of this is the Food Assistance Program in the Philippines. In light of my examination, the Philippine Food Assistance Program allegedly arrives at a normal of 1. 3 million preschoolers, 1. 2M schoolchildren and 0. 3M pregnant and lactating ladies every year. C. 2 What other viable medicinal services programs (counting approaches to execute) would you be able to propose to help reduce the lack of healthy sustenance rates in our nation? Give in any event two (2). I might want to execute the ordinary tests on various barangays here in the Philippines. It is equivalent to in the â€Å"Salamat Dok† appear in the TV where they direct clinical registration for people and parting with free eyeglasses for people who have issues in their sight. They additionally give free healthy skin items like brightening cleansers and meds and enhancements like Liveraide, and so forth. For the lack of healthy sustenance part, I might want to the taking care of program for the kids so it can help decline hunger in nation in any event, for a tad. D. Part 9 : Environment D. 1 In your own words, what is environmental change and its impacts on the planet? Environmental change is the changing of the normal temperature of earth into a more smoking state. This is because of the ozone harming substances like an excess of carbon dioxide noticeable all around, carbon monoxide and others that keep the warmth from getting away from the earth. There are numerous damaging outcomes of it, for example, pulverizing floods, hurricanes and extraordinary climate conditions. It likewise softens the ice and ice sheets on the planet making the world be a more smoking spot and an expansion level of ocean water. D. 2 How people were changing the planets’ atmosphere through discharge of ozone harming substances? One of the essential reasons is an excessive amount of contamination noticeable all around. These are brought about by the processing plants that consume coal to deliver power. Another is the consuming of fuel via cars discharging unsafe poisons in the air and different kinds of air contamination that add to worldwide environmental change. Since the world is getting brimming with ozone depleting substances, the warmth originating from the sun won’t leave the earth any longer gratitude to these.

What impact did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the civil rights movement Example For Students

What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social equality development What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social equality development in the United States of America in the period somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965? In the United States of America (USA), in the period 1960 to 1965, the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X strongly affected the social liberties development. Through the striking lessons of Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X, African-Americans increased a more prominent attention to the awful outrages submitted against them by Caucasians since the commencement of the USA and explicitly during the social liberties crusade, and this affected on the social equality development as issues, for example, racial brutality and disparity were uncovered by the lessons of the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam engaged numerous African-Americans to go to bat for their human rights, while Malcolm X gave a solid guide to African-Americans of somebody who was happy to defend the basic privileges of the race which decidedly affected on the social equality development. We will compose a custom exposition on What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social liberties development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Nation of Islam offered an extraordinary option to the peaceful methodology of Martin Luther King Junior and other social equality gatherings and set the expectations for balance of King undeniably increasingly worthy to Caucasians, regardless of the way that the feeling of militancy that went with Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam gave the African-American individuals more prominent voice, quality and solidarity inside the network, the outrageous perspectives on the Nation of Islam adversely affected upon the social liberties development in the period 1960 to 1965, as their convictions clashed with other social equality gatherings and pioneers which gained ground and solidarity harder to accomplish inside African-American culture. Subsequently, the overwhelming nearness of Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, strongly affected the social liberties development regardless of the positive and negative reactions that were evoked. The lessons of the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected on the social equality development as they uncovered and made a more prominent consciousness of the barbarities submitted against African-Americans since their commencement. Dark Muslims accept that the white man is the demon 1 and that Caucasians after some time had looted, assaulted, beaten and crushed the Black man 2. This way of thinking emphatically spoke to numerous African-Americans, as in addition to the fact that it revealed the violations that had been submitted by Caucasians however it additionally set forward the possibility that African-Americans are better than Caucasians. The Nation of Islams lessons were regularly acknowledged by those in the most powerless and misused situation inside society as they found the lessons and methods of reasoning of Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X applicable and genuine to their encounters. This applied to a youthful Malcolm X who in his collection of memoirs expressed, when I recollected I was unable to recall a solitary beneficial thing a white individual had ever done to me 3. Monstrosities submitted against African-Americans by Caucasians incorporate the terrible lynchings that happened over the USA, with roughly 3,445 African-American lynshings somewhere in the range of 1882 and 1968. The seriousness, insensitivity and bigotry of the lynchings outlines the monstrosities that the Nation of Islam uncovered in its lessons, ordinarily, the casualties were hung or consumed to death by crowds of White vigilantes, as often as possible before a huge number of onlookers, a significant number of whom would take bits of the dead people body as trinkets to help recall the awesome occasion 4. The way of thinking of the Nation of Islam uncovered the abominations that Caucasians had submitted against African-Americans since the beginning and in the period somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, and along these lines both the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected emphatically upon the social equality development. .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .postImageUrl , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:visited , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:active { border:0!important; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:active , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Men And Women Argumentative EssayThe solid lessons of the Nation of Islam and the initiative of Malcolm X affected on the social equality development as it engaged numerous African-Americans inside the network to go to bat for their central human rights and challenge the individuals who compromise these rights. The lessons of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam are that the African-American race is better than the Caucasian race, and that the Black Man will suffer always, for he is conceived in exemplary nature 5. This way of thinking authorized more noteworthy quality inside the African-American people group previously and during the social equality battle and along these lines decidedly affected upon the social equality development as African-Americans were urged to take a stab at the enormity and incomparability that African-Americans had been denied of, as indicated by the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam likewise utilized African history to join together and engage African-Americans who had restricted information on any racial history, as Malcolm X expressed, something that caused the Black Muslim development to develop was its accentuation upon things African. African blood, African cause, African culture, African ties. Also, youd be shocked we found that profound inside the subliminal of the dark man in this nation, he is still more African than he is American. 6 The unified African-American front of the Nation of Islam is delineated in the foundation of This straightforward and solid authority of Malcolm X, likewise affected upon the social equality development as African-Americans followed the model Malcolm X set as showed through the declaration of an aggressor following Malcolm Xs demise, What made Malcolm X an incredible man, is that he had the guts to state what nine-tenths of American Negroes might want to state yet dont have the guts to state. 7 Malcolm X pulled in numerous African-Americans to the Nation of Islam through advancing a religion that was seen to support African-Americans against Caucasians, I have confidence in a religion that has confidence in opportunity. Whenever I need to acknowledge a religion that wont let me take on a conflict for my kin, I state to hellfire with that religion 8. This inflexible quality and desire that Malcolm X passed on engaged African-Americans and hence, there was a more noteworthy African-American voice inside the USA in the time of 1960-1965. The developing nearness of the Nation of Islam with its extraordinary and regularly saw hostile perspectives on its individuals in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, permitted crafted by King and associations needing combination, to get more extensive acknowledgment as an option in contrast to the dark force and dark patriotism that the Nation of Islam advertised. NAACP, SCLC. Correspondingly, many pitted Malcolm X against King and the favored option for African-Americans and clearly Caucasians was King. Malcolm X understood that the apparently serious and radical Black Muslims made King undeniably increasingly worthy to Caucasians, At one time the whites in the United States considered him a racialist, and fanatic, and a Communist. At that point the Black Muslims tagged along and the whites expressed gratitude toward the Lord for Martin Luther King 9. The exceptional and supremacist perspectives on the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected on the social equality development as it regularly made the peaceful equalitarian perspectives on King and other social liberties bunches increasingly adequate to Caucasians and numerous African-Americans in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965. The extraordinary perspective on Caucasians taken by Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam, contrarily affected on the social liberties development, as it separated the connection between the two races. As the Nation of Islam saw Caucasians with such abhorrence and outrage, the capacity of Muslim pioneers su

Running Effective Meetings with Mind Maps (Tutorial) - Focus

Running Effective Meetings with Mind Maps (Tutorial) - Focus Meetings take up a huge chunk of work time, and too often the results of those hours of discussions and brainstormings have no actionable outcome. In this article, well introduce you to a system that ensures more  effective meetings, using our online mind mapping tool MindMeister. This is where MindMeister can help: Prepare and distribute an effective  meeting agenda in a mind map Add all relevant links, graphics and files to the map Create engaging presentations from mind maps with a few clicks Take efficient meeting minutes that can be shared with participants Create and  assign actionable tasks  right inside the map Mind maps are a very effective tool when it comes to organizing meetings. They offer a clear structure and a great overview of the agenda.Saskia Bral, Dewaele Group Why Use Mind Maps for Meeting Management? Mind maps are visual  representations of information. Instead of the linear text format you know from Word documents, mind maps organize your agenda and meeting minutes  in a two-dimensional  structure thats easy to understand  and lets you see all important notes at glance. Meeting mind maps  visualize connections between ideas, highlight priorities, and hold a complete record of your discussion on one single page. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Weekly Strategy Meeting on MindMeister. With MindMeister being completely web-based, all meeting participants can also  contribute to the map simultaneously.  They can add notes to topics, vote on ideas, attach visual media, create tasks and assign priorities. We could also use Google Documents for our meeting minutes, but using mind maps is more visually attractive and easier to understand, as agendas, decisions, opinions, everything is connected in one map.Mr. Horie, Marketing Manager, ChatWork Using Mind Maps for Running  Effective  Meetings 1. Preparing the  meeting agenda With their visual structure, mind maps enable participants to get an instant overview of the entire meeting agenda and dive right into the discussion. When preparing a meeting mind map, you can start with a blank map or use one of MindMeisters  meeting templates, which are all available in the template library. The topic of your meeting always goes into the center of the map, but the rest of the maps  structure depends on the type of meeting youre conducting. Heres an example of a simple but effective meeting mind map based on one of our map  templates: As you can see, this map records who is attending the meeting. It offers space for all  meeting-relevant documents and has branches for important announcements, discussion notes and action items resulting from the discussion. This can be a useful structure for meetings that are a little more formal and require an exact  record that you can refer to later on. Tip: Create  a system of color codes and icons to highlight individual elements and quickly signal information to people. Once youve developed a system that works well for your needs you can re-use it for all your future meeting maps. Heres an example of a status meeting map similar to the one we use at MindMeister to conduct our weekly status meetings. The Next In Progress Done structure in the map reflects the Kanban system we use in our MeisterTask project boards. To save time we dont create a new mind map from scratch every week. Instead,  we simply  duplicate the map we used the previous  week  and share the clone  with the department heads a day before the meeting. This way, they can simply drag and drop items that were previously in Next to In Progress and move completed items from  In Progress to Done. Tip:  Using the sidebar in the mind map editor you can add links to external websites, Google Docs or other mind maps. You can also attach  related files such as project plans or reports and upload graphics, diagrams, videos, and more. 2. Creating Engaging Presentations for Your Next Meeting Whether youre presenting an idea to your team or pitching to busy executives, a mind map is a great format that will engage your audience and help them follow your thought process. Creating mind map presentations is also simple and quick â€" a dynamic slideshow can be put together in less than three minutes! Check out this video to see it done in real-time: The best part about a mind map presentation is that you â€" and anybody else whos invited to the map â€" can make notes and comment on ideas directly in the map, be it during your presentation or during the discussion that follows it. Tip: For in-person meetings, you can simply  connect your device to a projector and have the presentation projected onto a screen while you do your pitch.  If your audience is not in the same room with you, you can invite them to the mind map beforehand and use MindMeister to broadcast the presentation to them in real-time. Thanks to MindMeister, our meeting times have reduced drastically. Meetings are short and sharp, because we have all important information prepped before we go in.Liam Hughes, Biggerplate 3. Taking Efficient Meeting Minutes Even if you havent prepared the meeting agenda up front you can always quickly open a blank map and start taking notes during meetings.  Mind maps are a fantastic format for any type of note-taking. Here are a few reasons why: Instead of mindlessly transcribing what you hear word for word, mind maps encourage you to take fewer yet  more meaningful notes. You can easily add information anywhere on the map, which is especially useful if the discussion jumps back and forth between a number of topics. You can use key shortcuts to add new topics and thus take notes with incredible speed. This is particularly important during creative brainstorming sessions where a lot of valuable ideas are generated in very little time. You can create topics  for important keywords and add more detailed information in the notes section of each topic. This will help keep your map clean and ensure it doesnt get too cluttered or large. When it comes to generating ideas and working through creative tasks, mind maps are 30% more efficient than linear documents.Daniel Attallah, CEO, Pixum 4. Creating and Assigning Tasks We really can not stress this enough: An effective  meeting never ends before clear, actionable tasks have been defined and assigned to the persons responsible. If you leave the room before writing down exactly what needs to be done, you risk that your best ideas never get implemented. With MindMeister, you can create tasks  right inside the  mind map you used for note-taking. The mind map editor offers essential task management capabilities like setting due dates, assigning tasks to map collaborators, marking completion and more. Simply select a topic in your map and use the widget in the sidebar to turn the topic into a task. Tip:  MindMeister seamlessly integrates with the online task management tool  MeisterTask. You can log in to MeisterTask with your existing MindMeister account  and export tasks from your map directly into agile project boards. Take a look at the short video below to see this workflow in action: So this is how mind maps can help you run effective meetings and ensure all meeting participants are always on the same page. If you give this workflow a try, let us know how you get on in the comments below! Manage Meetings with Online Mind Maps Get started! Try it now Get started! Running Effective Meetings with Mind Maps (Tutorial) - Focus Meetings take up a huge chunk of work time, and too often the results of those hours of discussions and brainstormings have no actionable outcome. In this article, well introduce you to a system that ensures more  effective meetings, using our online mind mapping tool MindMeister. This is where MindMeister can help: Prepare and distribute an effective  meeting agenda in a mind map Add all relevant links, graphics and files to the map Create engaging presentations from mind maps with a few clicks Take efficient meeting minutes that can be shared with participants Create and  assign actionable tasks  right inside the map Mind maps are a very effective tool when it comes to organizing meetings. They offer a clear structure and a great overview of the agenda.Saskia Bral, Dewaele Group Why Use Mind Maps for Meeting Management? Mind maps are visual  representations of information. Instead of the linear text format you know from Word documents, mind maps organize your agenda and meeting minutes  in a two-dimensional  structure thats easy to understand  and lets you see all important notes at glance. Meeting mind maps  visualize connections between ideas, highlight priorities, and hold a complete record of your discussion on one single page. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Weekly Strategy Meeting on MindMeister. With MindMeister being completely web-based, all meeting participants can also  contribute to the map simultaneously.  They can add notes to topics, vote on ideas, attach visual media, create tasks and assign priorities. We could also use Google Documents for our meeting minutes, but using mind maps is more visually attractive and easier to understand, as agendas, decisions, opinions, everything is connected in one map.Mr. Horie, Marketing Manager, ChatWork Using Mind Maps for Running  Effective  Meetings 1. Preparing the  meeting agenda With their visual structure, mind maps enable participants to get an instant overview of the entire meeting agenda and dive right into the discussion. When preparing a meeting mind map, you can start with a blank map or use one of MindMeisters  meeting templates, which are all available in the template library. The topic of your meeting always goes into the center of the map, but the rest of the maps  structure depends on the type of meeting youre conducting. Heres an example of a simple but effective meeting mind map based on one of our map  templates: As you can see, this map records who is attending the meeting. It offers space for all  meeting-relevant documents and has branches for important announcements, discussion notes and action items resulting from the discussion. This can be a useful structure for meetings that are a little more formal and require an exact  record that you can refer to later on. Tip: Create  a system of color codes and icons to highlight individual elements and quickly signal information to people. Once youve developed a system that works well for your needs you can re-use it for all your future meeting maps. Heres an example of a status meeting map similar to the one we use at MindMeister to conduct our weekly status meetings. The Next In Progress Done structure in the map reflects the Kanban system we use in our MeisterTask project boards. To save time we dont create a new mind map from scratch every week. Instead,  we simply  duplicate the map we used the previous  week  and share the clone  with the department heads a day before the meeting. This way, they can simply drag and drop items that were previously in Next to In Progress and move completed items from  In Progress to Done. Tip:  Using the sidebar in the mind map editor you can add links to external websites, Google Docs or other mind maps. You can also attach  related files such as project plans or reports and upload graphics, diagrams, videos, and more. 2. Creating Engaging Presentations for Your Next Meeting Whether youre presenting an idea to your team or pitching to busy executives, a mind map is a great format that will engage your audience and help them follow your thought process. Creating mind map presentations is also simple and quick â€" a dynamic slideshow can be put together in less than three minutes! Check out this video to see it done in real-time: The best part about a mind map presentation is that you â€" and anybody else whos invited to the map â€" can make notes and comment on ideas directly in the map, be it during your presentation or during the discussion that follows it. Tip: For in-person meetings, you can simply  connect your device to a projector and have the presentation projected onto a screen while you do your pitch.  If your audience is not in the same room with you, you can invite them to the mind map beforehand and use MindMeister to broadcast the presentation to them in real-time. Thanks to MindMeister, our meeting times have reduced drastically. Meetings are short and sharp, because we have all important information prepped before we go in.Liam Hughes, Biggerplate 3. Taking Efficient Meeting Minutes Even if you havent prepared the meeting agenda up front you can always quickly open a blank map and start taking notes during meetings.  Mind maps are a fantastic format for any type of note-taking. Here are a few reasons why: Instead of mindlessly transcribing what you hear word for word, mind maps encourage you to take fewer yet  more meaningful notes. You can easily add information anywhere on the map, which is especially useful if the discussion jumps back and forth between a number of topics. You can use key shortcuts to add new topics and thus take notes with incredible speed. This is particularly important during creative brainstorming sessions where a lot of valuable ideas are generated in very little time. You can create topics  for important keywords and add more detailed information in the notes section of each topic. This will help keep your map clean and ensure it doesnt get too cluttered or large. When it comes to generating ideas and working through creative tasks, mind maps are 30% more efficient than linear documents.Daniel Attallah, CEO, Pixum 4. Creating and Assigning Tasks We really can not stress this enough: An effective  meeting never ends before clear, actionable tasks have been defined and assigned to the persons responsible. If you leave the room before writing down exactly what needs to be done, you risk that your best ideas never get implemented. With MindMeister, you can create tasks  right inside the  mind map you used for note-taking. The mind map editor offers essential task management capabilities like setting due dates, assigning tasks to map collaborators, marking completion and more. Simply select a topic in your map and use the widget in the sidebar to turn the topic into a task. Tip:  MindMeister seamlessly integrates with the online task management tool  MeisterTask. You can log in to MeisterTask with your existing MindMeister account  and export tasks from your map directly into agile project boards. Take a look at the short video below to see this workflow in action: So this is how mind maps can help you run effective meetings and ensure all meeting participants are always on the same page. If you give this workflow a try, let us know how you get on in the comments below! Manage Meetings with Online Mind Maps Get started! Try it now Get started!

Designing Quality Customer Service Process - 3326 Words

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Process to undertake the task at AET transport The process that customer service manager to undertake the task of develop and formalize AET’s customer service strategy that capable of fulfill the gap between the company mission to provide quality customer service and un-organized process to work with the customer consist of the following step. (1) Identify and analyze problem in the organization, (2) Develop implementation plan and schedule for new customer service standard, (3) Implement of new customer service standard, (4) Evaluate the effectiveness of new standard, (5) Ensure that this standard to meet with international quality standard and (6) Continue improveShow MoreRelatedPlanning Phase Of New Service Development1234 Words   |  5 PagesFor any New Service Development, there is a need for a framework to plan, execute and launch. 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It might be one of our signature soups or entrees or it could be a simple salad, with our vision each dish is special just like every customer is. Sticking with the concept of seasons our restaurant

Annotated Bibliography On The Implications Of Psychopathic...

Annotated Bibliography and Outline Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. I., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauel, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic Personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 489-505. Lilienfeld et al., (2010) examined the attentiveness of psychopathic personality traits that aligned with job performance and leadership of the past presidents including George W. Bush, whereas their successful or unsuccessful behaviors were a matter of public records. The description of a psychopathic personality is conveyed as superficial charm along with other descriptions such as egocentricity, dishonesty, guiltlessness, callousness, and risk taking, which are based personality traits (Lilienfeld et al., 2010). According to Lilienfeld et al., (2012) there were about 8 listed limitations with fruitful directions for further research; however, the study and the findings didn’t address the questions between boldness and political performance. In the results, it was raised that boldness often associated with psychopathy advantages within a host of occupations and social roles. Clearly it’s warranted further investigation of the implications of boldness for leadership is needed. Odom, S. F., Body, B. L., Williams, J. (2012). Impact of Personal Growth Projects on Leadership Identity Development. Journal of LeadershipShow MoreRelatedEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Leadership1362 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Annotated Bibliography Yolanda Bowie Grand Canyon University Annotated Bibliography Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,  103(3), 489 -505. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.libraryRead MoreRes 811 Synthesis Paper1363 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation to ensure successful completion of the assignment: †¢ Refer to the annotated bibliography and outline you created in the Module 5 assignment along with the assignment feedback from your instructor. †¢ Review: Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

How to Become an Engineer Free Essays

How to become an Engineer? Engineers use their imagination and analytical skills to invent, design, and build things that matter. They are team players with independent minds who turn ideas into reality. Many become licensed professional engineers (P. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Become an Engineer or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. s) in order to better protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public. By dreaming up creative and practical solutions, engineers are changing the world all the time. Engineering has been called the â€Å"invisible† or â€Å"stealth† profession. Everything around us and that we use every day has been engineered in some way, yet we may not see the engineers behind the scenes or know much about engineering. Engineering is not part of our grade school education. Many engineers whose work affects the public become licensed. The engineering field is as varied as engineers themselves. Engineers can design and build superstructures or delicate medical instruments. Engineers are exploring for energy and for new worlds in space. They are designing the environmental controls for an art museum or directing global sales of today’s hottest cars and computers. Who knows where the next great challenges will be? I know what your thinking how do you become an engineer or that this is interesting and you would like to apply. Here’s how u become an engineer: First and Foremost, you want to do decide if you have what it takes to be an engineer. To become a professional engineer, you must have a college degree in engineering. Most university programs are selective and quite competitive. Earning good grades in high school is imperative, as is getting a high SAT or ACT score. Second, you must contemplate what type of engineering interests you. While most programs tend to focus on general core classes the first and second year of enrollment, many require students to enroll in a specific program regardless. Seats in each program are generally limited. If you maintain a high GPA, you can usually transfer from one program to another within the engineering department if necessary. It is still important to put some thought into what type of engineering interests you before entering your program. Third, look for and apply to schools with strong engineering programs in the area(s) that interest you. Fourth step is to get good grades in all of your classes once you are enrolled in a program. The first and second years are usually the hardest. Many students are required to take an above-average number of credit hours, and classes are tough. Outside employment is generally discouraged. Focus on your studies as much as possible. Your hard work will be rewarded in the future. The fifth step is to obtain a co-op. Co-ops are usually offered the third, fourth and fifth years of engineering programs. Most co-ops are paid, some are not. They are usually very competitive, which is why receiving high grades in your course work is important. This is the best way to obtain valid, related work experience before entering the job market and it can lead to employment upon graduation. The sixth step is to seek the assistance of your school’s Career Development Center as you near the completion of your program. Someone there can usually help you with your resume, direct you to co-ops and internships and eventually help you apply for jobs in the engineering industry once you are qualified. The seventh and final step is to join a professional engineering society or association that caters to your specific interest. Professional organizations offer many networking opportunities that are ideal for those looking for employment as well as further professional development. Choosing the right career can mean the difference between being satisfied and being disappointed with my life. Many factors can influence the career that I may have for the rest of my life. A decision that I am going to make at the young age of nineteen will have a major impact on the next ten years of my life. In order to make the best decision possible for my future I must follow these steps inserted above. Now, all of this may sound hard and boring but if you interested like I am you would do whatever it takes to reach your goal in life. Engineers are one of the highest paid jobs and also the most complex. If you want to become an engineer follow these steps and you will be on your way to the best engineer possible How to cite How to Become an Engineer, Papers

Who Is God Gerard Hopkins Explores Essays -

Who Is God? Gerard Hopkins Explores Who is God? A theme that Gerard Hopkins seems to have spent his life exploring and attempting to answer through his poetry. By exploring nature around him, Hopkins adds insight to God's relationship with and essential role to man-- that of creator and redeemer. In his poem ?Windhover? we see a prayer to God as the all-powerful being in which we attempt to give ourselves fully over to-- and through the observance of a falcon we see Christ's descent from heaven to save mankind. The images in ?God's Grandeur ?further Hopkins exploration by following man's sinful nature, oblivion to grace and hope of salvation through Christ. Suggesting that the Almighty's grandeur comes from redemption of the unworthy. By harmonizing these poems the reader can begin to uncover Hopkin's understanding of the greatness of God and mankind's relationship with Him through salvation and grace. Throughout the octave of his sonnet, ?God's Grandeur?, Hopkins uses the natural imagery to explore the Biblical acts of creation, fall of man, Christ's sacrifice, and his disgust of man's continuance in sin and destruction of nature to show just how unworthy of God's grace man is. Through the act of creation Hopkins establishes that God's power is absolute and eternal. ?The world is charged with the grandeur of God.? This speaks to the spark that started creation-- the charge that brought man and the diversity of nature into being. The spark is also like electricity, which produces light: ?And God said, let their be light. And their was light.? (Gen. 1:3,KJV) Adam's fall that set for the sinful nature of man: ?Generations have trod, have trod, have trod,? also resulted in God foreordained master plan of salvation for his lost creations ? Christ the redeemer. In the Bible, Christ was compared to the light of the world, and later the Holy Spirit would be like tongues of fire ?flames ou t/like shining from shook foil.? This redeemer shed His blood for the fallen man of which Hopkins is writing, it oozed out of his body when crushed ?like the ooze of oil.? When oil was used as part of the symbolic ritual of atonement during Biblical times, it was actually a type or symbol for Christ's blood. In His sacrifice Christ atoned for mankind's sin. The writer's distressed tone emphasizes his disbelief that even in the face of this greatness men still do not respect and fear God, ?Why do men then now not reck his rod.? Hopkins ends the octave on a note of disgust that even after this great sacrifice mankind could still be more interested in material wealth and destruction of creation for profit than having a spiritual nature: ?all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil.? Hopkin's uses images of a destroyed nature to not only paint a bleak picture of sin, but also to symbolically speak to the barren spiritual state of man. ?And wears man's smudge and shares man's sm ell: The soil/is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.? Man cannot feel a connection with God, through nature, because his feet are shod. In biblical times, shoes were removed on holy ground in reverence -- man is defiling the holy ground that God created. The sestet seeks to explain God's magnificence by contrasting the dark scene of the octave to the constancy of God's grace and continued relationship with man. I believe Hopkins is saying that the grandeur of God is that, despite our blatant disregard for His creation and sacrifice, He does not abandon us. ?And all for this, nature is never spent.? Nature can not only be seen as God rejuvenating His creation despite our mistreatment, but can also allude to God's nature restoring grace and mercy on mankind through Christ. Through the writer's amazement we see a longsuffering Creator that continues to bring new life into a fallen world: ?There lives the dearest freshness deep down things.? Hopkins also takes comfort in that, despite man's shortcomings God has continued to work, through the Holy Ghost that ?over the bent/world broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings.? Meaning that God, through the Holy Spirit, protects His people like a mother bird who

Free Essays on Favorite Song

, but I feel the music. That’s what’s important.... Free Essays on Favorite Song Free Essays on Favorite Song My favorite song in the whole world would have to be â€Å"Hey Lover† from LL Cool J’s 1995 album titled, â€Å"Mr. Smith.† The song is a pleasant collaboration of Mr. Smith and Boyz II Men. I love the way the song immediately grabs you on the opening note of the jazzy guitar. Followed by the melodic voices of Boyz II Men, you instantly get into a relaxed and laid back mood. In the song, LL Cool J raps about how he falls victim of a serious crush on a lady in his neighborhood. He is very graphic in explaining this crush and you will soon find yourself reminiscing about the crush or two you’ve had in the past (or present). I can remember a crush I had in 12th grade whenever I hear the song.. The music of the record is comprised of a jazz guitar, which riffs a melancholy note every 10 seconds. The electric bass guitar deeply hums a soulful note in the background. Percussion is the lifeline of the song and keeps a sleek but steady pace throughout the song. Add the rhythmic voices of Boyz II Men and the sensitive, smooth, but confident voice and lyrics of LL Cool J and you have a masterpiece. I have many favorites but this one in particular is great because it is one of the few rap/r&b collaborations that is on my favorites list. I am a true lover of music. I hear not only music or words, but I feel the music. That’s what’s important....

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants Barter economies rely  on trading partners with mutually beneficial needs to agree to deals. For example, Farmer A might have a productive henhouse but no dairy cow while Farmer B has several dairy cows but no henhouse. The two farmers might agree to a regular swap of so many eggs for so much milk. Economists refer to this as a double coincidence of wants- double because there are two parties and a coincidence of wants because the two parties have mutually beneficial wants that match up perfectly. W.S. Jevons, a 19th-century English economist, coined the term and explained that it is an inherent flaw in bartering:  The first difficulty in barter is to find two persons whose disposable possessions mutually suit each others wants. There may be many people wanting, and many possessing those things wanted; but to allow  of  an act of barter there must be a double coincidence, which will rarely happen. The double coincidence of wants is also sometimes referred to as the dual coincidence of wants. Niche Markets Complicate Trades While it might be relatively easy to find trade partners for staples like milk and eggs, large and complex economies are full of niche products. AmosWEB offers the example of someone who produces artistically designed umbrella stands. The market for such umbrella stands likely is limited, and in order to barter with one of those stands, the artist first needs to find someone who wants one and then hope that the person has something of equal value the artist would be willing to accept in return. Money As a Solution Jevons point is relevant in economics because the institution of fiat money provides a more flexible approach to trade than barter. Fiat money is paper currency assigned value by a government. The United States, for example, recognizes the U.S. dollar as its form of currency, and it is accepted as legal tender throughout the country and even throughout the world. By using money, the need for a double coincidence is eliminated. Sellers need only find someone willing to buy their product, and there no longer is a need for the buyer to be selling precisely what the original seller wants. For example, the artist selling umbrella stands in AmosWEBs example might really need a new set of paintbrushes. By accepting money she no longer is limited to trading her umbrella  stands only to those offering paintbrushes in return. She can use the money she receives from selling an umbrella stand to buy the paintbrushes she needs. Saving Time One of the most significant benefits to using money is that it saves time. Again using the umbrella stand artist as an example, she no longer needs to use her time to find such precisely matched trading partners. She instead can use that time to produce more umbrella stands or other products featuring her designs, thus making her more productive. Time also plays an important role in the value of money, according to economist Arnold Kling. Part of what gives money its value is that its value holds up over time. The umbrella artist, for example, does not immediately need to use the money she earns in order to buy paintbrushes or whatever else it is she may need or want. She can hold onto that money until she needs or wants to spend it, and its value should be substantially the same. Bibliography Jevons, W.S. Money and the Mechanism of Exchange. London: Macmillan, 1875.

Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Internet - Essay Example , the internet has become as effective as the face-to-face interactions, in providing political knowledge to people, and spurring them to political actions. The internet has influenced the political interactions of different regions of the world. This includes America, the Middle East, Africa, and the other entire world parts. In America, the transformation of politics by the internet was influenced by the 2006 white house and congressional selections. Internet continues to play a political role in the advertising different party candidates, helping in party fund-raising, and the spread of both positive and negative information. In the USA, both Democrats and Republicans have used the internet in their political campaigns. These have made use of their party blogs, candidate blogs, use of e-mail, and the interactive websites to aid their campaign process. This has been efficient in assembling crowds for rallies, raising money for the parties, and increasing the party preference for people. What has accelerated the use of the internet is because it is less costly and yet it is highly efficient, compared to the traditional methods, which a re slow and involving. Howard Dean is known for his use of social media during his campaign for the Democratic Presidential ticket, through MeetUp.com, where he managed to get 190,000 online supporters. Through the internet, Dean was able to raise millions of dollars in a matter of a few weeks. Apart from Dean, McCain also utilized the internet in his campaigns in the year 2000. He raised $6.8 million, and had 40,000 online supporters. This shows that the internet is influential in political interactions today (â€Å"Journalist’s Resource† Web). In the Middle East, there are concerns that the internet highly contributed to the political upheaval in the form of the Arab Spring, which started in 2011. The internet is mainly blamed for influencing negatively the politics in the area, as it has contributed to the sustenance, if not

Fall of the Berlin wall, The First Earth Day 1970 april 22nd, Essay

Fall of the Berlin wall, The First Earth Day 1970 april 22nd, Assaination of JFK, Invention of the Internet,The Columbine shooting, Cuban Missle Crisis, Woodstock - Essay Example The Berlin Wall became a representation of the bipolar politics of the Cold War that separated the worldwide community throughout most of the second half of the twentieth century. During the Cold War, the United States commanded a circle of capitalist polities while the Soviet Union stood at the center of a number of competing states whose governments supported Marxist principles of proletarian internationalism (Buckley 11). In 1989, a wave of widespread opposition in Eastern Europe against the persisting domination of communist authoritarianism led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. The fall of the Berlin Wall turned out to be an introduction to the dissolution of the Soviet Union two years later. The construction, maintenance and collapse of the Berlin Wall have represented trends of history whose global influence goes beyond the local politics of a single city. The collapse of the Wall became the catalyst to achieve German reunification, finally estab lished in 1990. In the last months of the 1960s, environmental problems in the United States were growing rapidly. Uncontrolled air pollution was associated to illnesses and death in New York, Los Angeles, and other cities, as poisonous fumes, ejected by cars and factories, made city life less and less endurable. In a move fittingly responding to the problem, an estimated 20 million Americans assembled together on April 22, 1970, in the largest organized demonstration in the history of the nation, to take part in a remarkably well-publicized environmental event known as Earth Day (Marriot 1). The anti-pollution position of these groups, after influencing the climate of political opinion at the state and local level, swiftly spread throughout editorials and editorial cartoons featured in the nations leading newspapers. Media coverage of the large youth rallies of 1969 served to influence on the American public that the United States had become an urban country with

The significance of asking What versus Why. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asking â€Å"why† is often a reasonable way to find out information. However, in some circumstances it limits the response and circumvents the objective for asking the question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When trying to resolve behavioral issues asking â€Å"why† tends to lead a student on a mental chase of cause and effect. While this process is generally helpful for critical thinking, it does not necessarily promote beneficial and on-going self-reflection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watch someone when you ask â€Å"why† and you'll often see her/his eyes looking up as if s/he can see into her/his brain and get the answer. However, the brain is not where feelings reside; it is where they are intellectually processed. Consequently, asking a student â€Å"why† is essentially asking for an explanation. Therefore, asking â€Å"why† often promotes a sense of confrontation and judgment which puts a student on the defensive, as if s/he has to justify her/himself to you. As a result the situation has become about your needs not hers/his.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, asking â€Å"what† is a neutral question which does not imply judgment. It is a simple question which promotes a reporting of events and/or feelings; an important first step when trying to resolve behavioral issues. Asking â€Å"what† focuses the student’s attention inward to the heart of the matter... literally the heart, the essence of the experience†¦ the feelings. Asking â€Å"what† is a non-confrontational question that gives someone the opportunity to relate her/his experience; not to judge it and/or feel judged about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Equally important is that asking â€Å"what† gives the questioner the opportunity to listen without prejudice. If we truly wish to help a student change and grow then the first step is to honor her/his feelings as valid.

Children with Reading Problem Essay

The article by Susan M. Tancock focuses its attention to the needs of special students. These students are considered poor readers. They are usually behind in reading and writing skills when compared to their classmates (peers). The special instruction that these students receive ordinarily involves the recognition of identifying sounds of letters and words instead of the construction of their meaning within the context of the text or story. In the article we are told the poor readers are usually asked to read aloud more often than other more skilled readers. Also, their teachers interrupt their reading instead of encouraging them towards a self monitoring approach to their reading. Tancock stresses the importance of being sensitive to certain ideals when tutoring young children who have reading difficulties. First of all, she feels it is of utmost importance that the tutor should truly believe that their tutee can and will become a good reader and writer. Secondly, she states that the tutee needs predictable material to help encourage successful reading habits. To accomplish this task it is best if the tutor uses quality children=s books written by well-known authors. Children can be encouraged to Aread like a writer@ by using themes that are built around the child=s personal interests. This will provide the student with a more in depth involvement with the reading process. Tutors must build lessons around the child=s strengths to build confidence within the child for future reading tasks. The students also need to be encouraged to make predictions in their reading to help develop them into risk takers. In the lesson with Gayla and Chase the author described how Gayla first sets out familiar reading material (books) for Chase to choose from so that he could read aloud. Because Chase is already familiar with these books and has probably read them in the past, it will enable him to be become confident in guessing when it comes to something difficult for him to read. By Gayla=s reminding him to read aloud so that it sounds interesting and stopping him to praise his good efforts, will involve him more in the context of the meaning of his reading efforts. One particular technique that Gayla used, was to have Chase emulate her as she reads to him. This helped to emphasize the diction and inflection for Chase. One of Chase’s books of choice related to his background knowledge of fishing and this was of great help for him to be able to recall prior knowledge when he read. Before he began reading Gayla engaged him in a conversation about his past experiences with fishing. Gayla understood this would allow Chase to explore his mind and make connections to his fishing encounters. She wanted Chase to learn how to find cues for helping himself to make guesses that would eventually lead him out of difficult spots in his reading. Gayla also from time to time used Directed Reading B Thinking Activity (DR — TA). In this illustration, Chase made guesses during reading and then by his continued reading he could then discover whether his guesses were correct or incorrect. This practice can eventually help a student to apply self-help strategies when reading in the future. Chase was also asked to recall times of difficulty and to discuss ways in which he used to solve those reading problems. Gayla then stimulated his thinking by asking him key questions. During the writing parts of the lesson, Chase was able to apply the brainstorming technique when planning what he was going to write about. After brainstorming Gayla then helped him sort his writing by relating it to his prior reading involvement. The finished writing project can also serve as a tool for future successful reading assignment because it is the student=s creation from his own personal relationship with the topic. Chase was then asked to sort some words that he had some difficulty with during his reading and writing session. In this particular student=s case he was asked to sort words beginning with s and sh. After he was done sorting he was asked to write down the few words so that he could make the connection with reading and writing. Finally Gayla read a book she had selected to read to Chase. Even though she had chosen the book, she had still remained within the theme that had been set. But the reading Gayla chose was nevertheless a little bit more difficult. After the lesson was over Chase then chose a book to take home to read to his family. Tancock states, Afluency suffers when children focus their attention more on the details of print than the meaning of the text; thus comprehension suffers too. @ Consequently as a tutor, it should be our responsibility to relieve the unneeded pressures of the details on the printed page, and to allow the child to learn with as much ease as possible the meaning of the text. Bibliography Tancock, Susan M. AA Literacy Lesson Framework for Children with Reading Problems@ The Readind Teacher, Volume 48. No. 2 Oct. 1994 Word Count: 826Ã'Ž

Heres Why Your College GPA Matters

In high school, you likely focused on getting good grades—and, consequently, having a solid grade-point average (GPA)—because you wanted to get into a good college. But now that youre in college, you may be wondering, Does my GPA really matter any more? While that may seem like a simple question, there isnt a single, straightforward answer for it. In some situations, your college GPA can matter quite a bit; on the other hand, a GPA can mean nothing beyond whether or not youll be able to graduate. Reasons Why Your GPA Matters in College Actually, there are a lot of reasons to maintain a good GPA in college. Ultimately, you need to pass your classes in order to earn your degree—which is one of the main points of attending college in the first place. From that perspective, the answer is clear: Your GPA matters. If your GPA drops below a certain threshold, your school will send you a notice that youve been  placed on academic probation  and will inform you of what steps to take in order to recover from it. Along similar lines, you may need to keep your GPA at or above a certain level in order to keep any scholarships, other financial awards, or loan eligibility you have. Additionally, things such as academic honors, research opportunities, internships, and some advanced classes may have GPA requirements. If youre interested in participating in such a program or class, its always a good idea to check with your academic advisor about any GPA or other requirements beforehand so you can keep on track to pursue your goals. Do College Grades Matter After You Get Your Degree? Whether your college GPA will play an important role in your life after you graduate depends on your plans. For example, graduate school admissions are very competitive. Your GPA information will certainly be taken into consideration as part of the application process. If youre interested in furthering your education but the damage to your GPA is already done, youre not necessarily sunk: Good scores on the GRE, GMAT, MCAT or LSAT can sometimes make up for a sub-par GPA. (Of course, getting into grad school will be a lot easier if you focus on maintaining a good GPA from the start of college.) Even if youre not thinking about further schooling, you should know some employers will ask you for your GPA when you apply for a job. In fact, there are some companies—generally, large corporations—who require that applicants meet a minimum GPA requirement.   When a College GPA Isnt an Issue That said, if grad school isnt in your future and the corporate world isnt on your agenda, theres a good chance your GPA may never again come up after you grab your diploma. In general, employers focus more on your level of education, not the grades that got you there, and theres no rule that says you  need  to put your GPA on your resumà ©. Bottom line: Your college GPA is only as important as it is for your future plans. While you may not feel pressure to focus on maintaining as high a GPA as you did in high school, theres no reason why you shouldnt work hard in your college classes and succeed as best you can academically. After all, you never know what jobs or graduate school programs you might end up applying for years after you graduate.

The Caterpillar Poem Analysis - 734 Words

The Caterpillar: Pillar of Thought The Caterpillar is a poem which focuses on the previously overlooked actions some of us may partake in, that may not be thought much of, but have short and long lasting effects on a scale we might not be very familiar with. Do we feel remorse for living organisms on a small macroscopic level, or is it just an insignificant part of our complex lives? Is the appreciation of life developed through experiences? Do we feel more pity for a single being that has been through trauma than we do for thousands that have not? In this poem, the conflict between caterpillars and humans is discussed in a such a way that brings up questions about how valuable we perceive other life to be, and how different†¦show more content†¦The speaker says, â€Å" I have sworn perdition to thy race†(Barbauld 14), in which they express their conflicted emotions. One side of them is wanting to slaughter the caterpillars and another is wanting to show mercy and pro vide protection. The speaker is contemplating whether or not to continue on with their past ways in persecution of caterpillars, or to realize what impact their actions had on the caterpillars. When the speaker mentions, â€Å" Where, folded in their silken webs they lay/ Thriving and happy; swept from the tree/ And crushed whole families beneath my foot†(Barbauld 19-20), they are coming to a realization that just like humans, caterpillars have families too and they attempt to strive and prosper in their community; until an unwanted person comes by and ruins their work and kills their family with their foot. When the speaker mentions virtue in, â€Å" Tis not Virtue,/ Yet tis the weakness of a virtuous mind.†(Barbauld 41-42) I believe they are talking about how it is not goodness that made them help the caterpillar, but it is the self-centeredness of human beings that drove the behaviour. Wanting to right a wrong is common in humans and perhaps the speaker felt that theyShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Marxism In Alices Adventures In Wonderland2067 Words   |  9 Pagesfollows her on a journey of initiation to a ludicrous place with talking animals and other bizarre characters. Alice s adventures in Wonderland classifies as a fantasy genre in the world of literature as it includes all the elements of the genre. The analysis of Alice s character depicts her as a feminist rebel who breaks away from the stereotypical female gender roles and explores the world of her dreams. Among several oddities, Alice uncovers that the animals of Wonderland are far more inferior toRead MoreThe Big And Small Of It All2443 Words   |  10 PagesAlice learns throughout her journey in Wonderland, discovering her true self is not always easy and can sometimes be quite intimidating. Two particularly frightening moments for Alice in this struggle are her encounters with the Caterpillar and with the Pigeon. The Caterpillar demands to know, ?Who are you, a question that both confuses and disturbs Alice because she does not even know the answer herself.7 Alice again shows uncertainty regarding her identity when asked by the Pigeon, ?Well? What areRead MoreEssay on Lewis Carrolls Alice Adventures in Wonderland3126 Words   |  13 Pagesreinterpreted many times over the years, proving its influence and popularity. There will always be a general knowledge of the characters because they are such strong and interesting subjects. Characters like the White Rabbit, the hookah-smoking Caterpillar, and the Queen of Hearts will not soon be forgotten because of their personalities and characteristi cs that are even present in their names. Many attempts have been made to analyze Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland from a number of different anglesRead MoreSummary : Toy Fair At Selfridge S Cartoon 1843 Words   |  8 PagesI. Reynolds ´s cartoon: This is a cartoon published by Punch on 27th of September 1916 and realized by Percy Reynolds. Punch was a satirical journal designed to a middle and upper class audience that published short articles, poems or black-cut illustrations as the selected source . The title of the cartoon suggests that civilians, cartoonists and journalists were imagining the design of the tanks because of the absence of official images in the beginning of the war. The drawing illustrates sevenRead MoreUse of Food in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll2931 Words   |  12 Pagesevil into the world of men. Other beliefs demanded religious offerings – be it food, valuables, or even human sacrifices – to appease the gods. An equivalent myth to the Land of Plenty, the Land of Milk and Honey, can be tracked down in paintings, poems and literary works originated in almost all parts of the planet. From Homer’s great feasts in The Iliad to Harry Potter’s lonely suppers in a cupboard under the stairs; literature of any genre originated in any period and any cultural tradition canRead MoreTeacher Action Research Paper on Reading Deficiencies in 2nd Grade Students12146 Words   |  49 Pagessubheads that organize the flow of ideas; and (5) helpful illustrations (Wong, 2004). Guided reading is conducted with the teacher to teaching basic phonics and skills for decoding multisyllabic words, such as syllabication strategies and structural analysis, which is essential for students whose reading is not accurate. Cunningham (2004) suggests that without a foundation of accurate decoding, students cannot become fluent. Readers Theater is performed as a whole group project and is an especiallyRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 PagesMalfi, focuses on the representation of the theme of love and marriage in the Malfi court, and the social conflicts to which it gives rise. The unit guides you through the first part of the play and will help you to develop your skills of textual analysis. This unit focuses mainly on Acts 1 and 2 of the play. You should make sure that you have read these two acts of the play before you read the unit. The edition of the play that is used in this unit is the Pearson Longman (2009) edition, edited byRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesand John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th CenturyRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pages 02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 3:33 PM Page 35 Exploring How Children Develop 35 Cognitive processes involve changes in the child’s thinking, intelligence, and language. Cognitive developmental processes enable a growing child to memorize a poem, imagine how to solve a math problem, come up with a creative strategy, or string together meaningfully connected sentences. Socioemotional processes involve changes in the child’s relationships with other people, changes in emotion, and changes inRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesway to ensure that strategy is controlled in one mind is to keep the process simple (182). However, this point, together with the first, forced Andrews to tread a fine line throughout his text between nonconscious intuition on one side and formal analysis on the other, a position he characterized as an act of judgment (108). This distinguishes the design school from the entrepreneurial school on one side and the planning and especially positioning schools on the other. 4. Strategies should be one

Determining My Peers Favorite Social Media Platform

In determining my peer’s favorite social media platform, I followed James P. Spradley’s concepts of explaining its explicit purpose, giving ethnographic explanations, and ethnographic questions (1979). Through these explanations and openness shared between the interviewer and informant, my peer and I were able to maintain an environment of a friendly conversation throughout the interview, which Spradley suggests is extremely important in making an informant more comfortable and willing to talk. My peer determined their favorite social media platform to be Tumblr. Tumblr is a blog site that allows for users to create their own blogs and then follow any number of blogs that they would like. From pictures to videos to quotes, Tumblr has†¦show more content†¦In using emotions to spread news or a message, Ruth Behar states the effectiveness of developing an emotional connection (1996). My peer stated, â€Å"I can post or repost from TV shows that I like, news events that I find important, or movements I feel strongly about.† Being able to have an emotional connection to understand where my peer or any individual is coming from because of their strong feelings for a particular topic better enables an ethnographer or myself to take an objective perspective. Valerie Matsumoto would conclude that a better understanding of the use of media would be through becoming an â€Å"insider† and developing a personal connection, which would drive the researcher (1996). Tumblr sets itself apart from other social media sites in its focus on everything and anything, instead of focusing on an individual’s life. Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook tend to focus on a person’s everyday life and their feelings on the past, present, and future. Tumblr creates a space for people to anonymously post anything they want to. Spradley would conclude that the vast variety of information available through Tumblr could easily be used to immerse oneself in the social media culture (1979). Most individuals who use Tumblr are active several times a day, and in a way, immersing themselves in the social media platform. People begin to find favorite blogs to follow because of their similar interests and points of view. Because of this unique

Describe How to Interact, Respond, Communicate and Deal Free Essays

When we are communicating with all children and younger people we must treat them all the same. We should be clear and concise. Instructions should be clear and the same E. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe How to Interact, Respond, Communicate and Deal or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. please can you tidy up. Then we should keep repeating please can you tidy up, please can you tidy up, if a child (3-6years) was asked can you put toys away, they can get confused with what they have been asked to do. We can ask the younger child to repeat what the instruction was so we are aware that they have understood what was said to them. Children of the age3-6 are using their grammar a lot more. At this age they can exaggerate very well when telling something. If they are hurt they might tell fibs. Verbalising whilst playing is very common for 3-6 yrs. whilst communicating with these small children I would get down to their level. With the 6-12yrs they tend to ask lots of question. At this age most of the children set their own goals to achieve. Fact and fantasy are distinguished by now. The 6-12 age groups will need to have boundaries in place. They might also need support if they have a falling out with friends. This is the age when they speak about transitions in life. Use language to predict and draw conclusions. Use long and complex sentences. Understand other points of view and show that they agree or disagree. Understand comparative words e. g. ‘it was earlier than yesterday’. Keep conversations going by giving reasons and explaining choices? Start conversations with adults and children they don’t know. Understand and use passive sentences e. g. â€Å"the thief is chased by the policeman†. 12-18 yrs. olds will still look for adult support even though they are striving to be an adult. As teens seek independence from family and establish their own identity, they begin thinking abstractly and become concerned with moral issues. We need to be approachable and also remind them of confidentially. Not all children will like face to face talking so it might be best to speak at side of them. Teens should be able to process texts and abstract meaning, relate word meanings and contexts, understand punctuation, and form complex syntactic structures. However, communication is more than the use and understanding of words; it also includes how teens think of themselves, their peers, and authority figures. Resolving conflict with age groups. Ask each individual what happened and why. Encourage both children to come up with ideas to resolve the problem. Do not judge either child or be negative about their suggestions. Make it clear that you want to work toward a solution that will make them both happy. Encourage the children to listen to each other, including why they believe the conflict started. This effectively forces the children to accept that there is another person with feelings involved. Children are often totally unaware of how their behavior affects other people. Help both children understand what the end goal is; this may involve being very clear about what would be a good end result, an answer that suits both children. Ask both children to discuss the incident and to tell you how they have decided to handle it. Be sure to praise the children for handling the problem themselves and reassure them that you know there will be no future conflict between them. When your child gets angry, give them time and space to calm down before trying to resolve the situation. Explain later that it is difficult to think of good solutions when we are angry. We help children to learn the value of positive relationships in many ways. We promote and reward positive behaviour, encourage turn taking, we ensure we are good role models; we encourage sharing and build self-esteem of the use of praise and reward, with either sticker, certificates, merits ECT. We also encourage the children to be kind to each other. As adults we must respect other peoples view even if we don’t agree as everyone is entitled to their opinion. Always show you’re interested in what people are saying, show concern if needed and be a listening ear. Respect can be gained by talking to a child at their level and understanding them, for example looking at children at eye level whilst talking to them increases mutual respect. Keeping calm and talking in a â€Å"normal† friendly tone also increases mutual respect. Listening to children and addressing their needs. Role models are inspirational people who encourage others to progress and work toward self-improvement. They are especially important for today’s youth and can play an important role in shaping our society. Role models can influence a young one’s values, beliefs, and attitudes, which will shape the person that one will grow to be. Role models have the ability to focus their efforts on others rather than on themselves and they are selfless. Role models inspire others not only by their words, but more so by their actions that move us to do the same. Role models help others by offering good examples, by inspiring others realize the endless possibilities to reach their goals, and by moving others to be the best that they can be. Children will copy behaviour so I use manners the children will copy. Influenced by the people around them affects children Reinforcement is used to help increase the probability that a specific behavior will occur with the delivery of a stimulus/item immediately after a response/behavior is exhibited. Negative reinforcement is often confused with punishment. Positive reinforcement is a very powerful and effective tool to help shape and change behavior. Positive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future. We do this with either thumb up, smiling, verbal praise. Negative reinforcement is when a certain stimulus/item is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. We can change seat or room. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative stimuli. Communication can be hard with young people as well as children. Each difficulty has its own effect. This could be how they learn, or understand what is being said to them. They will need time and to feel less pressured when speaking. Someone with Hearing difficulties would benefit from BSL( British sign Language), difficulty with attention or following complex directions in the classroom would benefit from being near the teacher or having 1-1, difficulty retaining information could have pictures or tape recorders,, poor vocabulary achievement could have extra time, difficulties with grammar, difficulties with organization of expressive language or with narrative discourse, difficulties with academic achievement, reading, and writing, unclear speech, persistent stuttering or a lisp. Most children tent to communicate through text and emails. Sometimes we need to change the way we communicate with people. This will depend on the individual. We often do this without knowing we have changed. Eye contact is best for non- hearing as they can lip read. Other ways we can communicate are via letters, email, using different color paper. We might need to speak slowly and more clearly. Depending on the type of visual impairment and what adaptations are necessary, I will produce reading books and class material in large print or braille. Touch typing programmers might be introduced, using a screen reader. Visual timetables, pictures, symbols or photographs are also a good way to communicate. For younger children, a visual time line can be effective, labels for equipment and places for specific activities, pictures, symbols, photographs or written labels. Visual displays of topics or current activities can for some children can cause overload. How to cite Describe How to Interact, Respond, Communicate and Deal, Essay examples

Drug Trafficking in Afghanistan Mun free essay sample

Cathedral Model United Nations 2011 Study Guide Study Guide UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS Dear Delegates, It is my pleasure to welcome you to Cathedral Model United Nations 2011! The simulated UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs has an extremely ambitious topic area to cover. Each delegate shall, explore the tumultuous world of Afghanistans illicit drug trade; treading through the mountainous borders of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, while uncovering a trail of drugs, an addicted populace, and widespread crime. Afghanistan produced a record opium poppy crop in 2007, supplying 93% of the worlds opium. Opium trade has become an increasingly substantial source of revenue for various criminal groups and finances criminal and terrorist activities. Having introduced the topic to you, a little about your chair: I am a 12th standard Science and Art student at the Cathedral and John Connon School. I have attended several MUNs including the Harvard Model United Nations 2011. I was also an assistant director at CMUN 2010. Your moderator Noshir Engineer is a talented debater and has attended the MIT Model United Nations 2011. Together we shall spare no effort to make your experience enjoyable and enriching. In a country where approximately 85% of the population depends on agriculture and agribusiness as a source of livelihood, poppy cultivation and opium trade continue to play a significant role in the agricultural economy. This committee has to deal delicately with the afghan economy, terrorism, and international politics, it promises to be a compelling experience for all delegates. Although your study guide is extremely informative, I sincerely urge you to research further and widen your perspective on the issue, and your countrys stand as this problem requires creative yet feasible solutions, along with a high level of diplomacy. Knowledge on the topic is of course, vital, without which your committee sessions will be frustrating and fruitless. On behalf of the entire dais staff, I wish you best of luck with your preparation. I look forward to meeting you in August. Till then, dwell upon these words by William Shakespeare, â€Å"Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon em. Yours creatively, Anushka Pai, Director United Nations Commission on Narcotics and Drugs Cathedral Model United Nations 2011 The Cathedral and John Connon School 6 Purshottamdas Thakurdas Marg Mumbai 400001 Contact Number: +91-2222094940 Email address: uncnd. [emailprotected] com Website: cathedralmun. com ANUSHKA PAI DIRECTOR NOSHIR ENGINEER MODERATOR CYRUS CHOKSEY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR VARUN MEHTA ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Study Guide HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM Soviet Invasion (1979-1989) Opium production and consumption has been an issue in Afghanistan since the time of the Shahs, when the Shah banned the production of opium in Persia and Iran, a lucrative trade was set up, to feed the addicted Iranian population. And so the golden crescent came into being, but the crescent as we see it today evolved primarily as a result of the Soviet and US involvement in Afghanistan. When in the 1970s the Soviet Union decided to enter the perilous world of Afghan politics, many Afghan people joined the rebel forces, the Mujahideen, these forces, in order to fund their military activities relied heavily on American aid reaching them through Pakistan. In addition to this, they revived and increased opium cultivation in the southern provinces of Helmand and Kandahar. This opium was then shipped off to Europe through various channels including the ancient Silk Route and the Balkans route through Eastern Europe. Since these southern areas were under the control of US funded groups they received a lot of criticism for their role in Afghanistan. The Soviets were not uninvolved in the flourishing drug trade either. A Soviet ship, the Kapitan Tomson was captured by the Dutch police in 1986, with 220 kilograms of pure heroin on board, which at that time was the largest heroin seizure in Europe. It succeeded in proving beyond doubt that Soviet authorities were involved in the opium trade in Afghanistan. Though no such concrete evidence was found during the Afghan war against the USA the US’ sympathetic attitude towards opium cultivation and trade in the region is now common knowledge. The situation continued to worsen, with the drug trade increasing steadily but surely as the war progressed. Soon some of the more influential factions of the Mujahideen even controlled heroin laboratories situated within the Pakistani border. The condition in Afghanistan was detrimental to Pakistans population as well. The opium addicted population of Pakistan rose from 5000 to 1. 3 million in a span of just eight years. The problem was clearly escalating to a level where it was no longer in control as the US Drug 3 Study Guide Enforcement Administration (DEA) estimated that a colossal 25 % of Afghanistan’s GDP was through the illicit cultivation of opium and through the trade of opiates. The Taliban era (1989-present) After the soviet pullout from Afghanistan in 1989, and the following loss of US interest in the region, the various factions comprising the mujahideen were vying to fill the power vacuum created. The lack of US funds to the Mujahideen now meant that the only significant inlet of funds was now the cultivation and marketing of opiates. And so in the decade following the Taliban, Al Qaeda, managed to establish themselves as what we know them to be today. The drug trade flourished in Afghanistan, as the international community watched helplessly as Afghanistan was about took over the spot of the world’s top opium producer from Burma (The Golden Triangle) in 1991, during this period the opium production in Myanmar was steadily decreasing due to various factors while in Afghanistan the rise in the same continued undeterred. After a few years the Taliban had established a sufficient monopoly over the opium trade to be the sole threat to the government. The only period in recent history when there was a significant decline in the opium production in the Golden Crescent was in the year 2001, when the Taliban issued a ban on the cultivation. The success of this ban was unbelievable, the opium cultivating areas all over Afghanistan drastically reduced. However the motivation of the ban is still unclear. Some say the Taliban had come to an agreement with the United Nations and decided, for the benefit of Afghanistan to issue the ban on cultivation. Others suggest that due to the reduction in prices of opium and opiates which caused ignificant drops in the Taliban’s income, to overcome this the Taliban decided to ban opium cultivation for a year so that the shortage in supply of opiates would cause the prices to shoot up. Whichever the true cause may be, the next year opium production shot right back up to the levels of the previous year once again enriching the Taliban and displaying, the harsh reality to the world: that control was in the Taliban’s hands and that the only way to effectively reduce opium cultivation would be if they decided it themselves. 4 Study Guide In 2001, following the US invasion, the production of opium continued regardless of the war, funding the Taliban s before but now also forming the income of a large number of warlords and allegedly members of the Northern Alliance as well. So the US for a long time made little or no effort to eradicate the poppy fields, but rather, they adopted the attitude that the opium and drug problems were someone Elses to tackle and they did not need to deal with it till their war was won. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM THE GOLDEN CRESCENT The production of opium in Afghanistan is only a fraction of the problem of the golden crescent. The crescent refers to the area of poppy cultivation, trade, and opium production in the area encompassing the Pakistan Afghanistan and Iran. As mentioned earlier Afghanistan is the main area in terms of cultivation of the poppy crop among the three. The cultivated opium from Afghanistan makes its way through what is popularly referred to as the golden route. Here the opium makes its way through the so called crescent first travelling East into Pakistan where a large part of it gets processed into a morphine base. After this, the goods are shifted into Iran where a small part of it is consumed, and then onto Turkey which is the major centre for conversion of the morphine base opiates into heroin and hashish. After this it finds its way into European markets and feeds the addict population in the continent. This route is probably the most important route in terms of the quantity of opium traversing the passage, but the other main route for opiates is the so called northern route. As the name suggests, the route leaves Afghanistan from the north and proceeds further north through various nations in central Asia finally entering Russia through Kazakhstan. Russia has been possibly the worst affected by the modern boom in Afghan opium production. The route itself has only been used since the early 1990s and was founded primarily to feed Russias two and a half million strong addict population. Both these routes are plagued by poor security facilities. Most of them readily accept bribes and most of the security personnel usually have neither the willpower nor the means required to deny trafficking rights to allies of the Taliban. The commissions paid increase steadily at each level and the system works seamlessly and enriches both the US supported Northern Alliance and the Taliban supporting Rebels. 5 Study Guide The crescent due to its mountainous terrain provides excellent cover for those smuggling drugs which makes the tracking of drug traffickers and the opium itself a lot more difficult and often impossible by satellite as well. Cultivation, smuggling and processing of these opiates is a multi-billion dollar enterprise and enriches the economies of the involved nations similarly. Another part of the issue is that the nations in the crescent are among the most corrupt in the world. The government officials receive ample amounts of money simply to turn a blind eye on the traffickers and thus even at the highest level of government there is often hesitancy and sometimes unwillingness to have a major crackdown on drug lords. For example, in Pakistani, in the earlier times majors and army generals had been proven guilty of assisting the opium traders as well as Hamid Hasnain, the vice president of the Pakistani governments Habib Bank. Hasnain was the personal account manager for President Zia-ul-Haqn who served as prime minister twice and was also a general in the army. Afghan and Iranian leaders have also been involved in their fair share of drug scandals. This situation has further stalled and deterred many of the international communitys efforts to reduce production of opiates. Hamid Karzai, the current president of Afghanistan, has been more forthcoming in his intentions to eradicate the drug plantations, he readily combined with US forces to push for an eradication programme, however, the most effective methods of controlling the opium crops in Afghanistan include aerial spraying of the crops with poisons, primarily glyphosate. This plan was supported strongly by the US forces after the bumper crop in the region in the year 2006. Negotiations began between US, NATO and the Afghanistan government regarding this. Karzai, backed strongly by the UK, argued that this would not have the desired effect. According to them, the uneducated farmers and opium cultivators will be intimidated by the outlandish devices, which are nothing like anything the primitive farmers have seen before. The fear is that if the farmers discover the government is behind this, the deeply religious Afghan masses will turn against them and join, further strengthening Afghan terrorist groups like the Taliban. These discussions were completed in January of the year 2007, with an agreement being reached to use more old fashioned, and less alien to the people approach of ground based eradication techniques. However this was strongly criticized by Russia as well as other nations, who accused the government of inadequate resolve. 6 Study Guide Russia too has had an important role to play in the system, suffering the worst from Afghan opium production. 30,000 Russians, many of them in their youth, die every year due to Afghan opium. The Russian government has not been actively involved in Afghanistan since the end of the Soviet invasion in 1989; the nation has certainly been keeping a close eye on the US’ activities in the region, and attempting to speed up eradication processes by pressuring the concerned governments into accelerating their efforts. Though they agree with the US in their modern day strategy on drug eradication they have not been allowed to start an offensive of any kind in the region by the Afghan government. Recently however, in 2010, Russian forces took part in a joint raid where they destroyed opium and hashish worth an estimated 250 million dollars. This caused some reaction in Karzai, who called it a violation of sovereignty and criticized Russia for the act. Russia simply says that what Karzai claims is not possible since the Afghan Interior ministry participated in the joint raid and hence knew that Russian forces would be present. Iran, the origin of the poppy cultivation in the crescent has successfully reduced its heroin addiction, trafficking and cultivation. Since historic times, the shahs of Iran have banned poppy cultivation, reducing their people’s financial dependence on poppy farming. This however did not help in reducing the addict population significantly. After the revolution, the new regime’s stance did not change, however, policies did. Initially, the policy was supply sided, and a massive crackdown began with the arrest of 68,000 traffickers and many more arrests in subsequent years. Thousands of troops were deployed; to stop trafficking along the border this plan met much success. Next, under President Mohammad Khatami rehab centers were set up and an anti-narcotic campaign was carried out. However, under President Ahmedinejad, policies once again shifted back to supply side policies, with a resurgence of troops on the border it shares with Afghanistan. As a result of these policies, Iran has been the most successful country in combating trafficking, in terms of drug bust. Pakistan on the other hand, has been hugely unsuccessful in dealing with the problem due to greed and graft. Suffering from a massive population of addicts, the government has been helpless in the face of powerful drug lords who own laboratories all along the border Pakistan shares with Afghanistan. It is estimated that 80% of Afghanistan’s heroin is 7 Study Guide processed there. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS There is no easy solution to this problem. Spraying will allow crops to be eliminated in the heartland of Taliban controlled territory, with relatively less risk. However, as mentioned earlier, the Afghan people are against aerial eradication as they fear it, and ground based eradication is comparatively slow and unfeasible. Only then will the incentives provided actually have effect, because without the fear of eradication, no farmer will willingly give up a crop as lucrative as poppy. No change is needed to the incentives provided to farmers to change from poppy growth. The real reform must come in two areas. Border security, to prevent the opium from leaving, and the legal system. Trapping the heroin and opium within the country might bring prices down so much, that poppy might become unprofitable. Secondly, the Jails of the country need to be secured, to prevent inmates (especially traffickers) from escaping while strengthening the legal system to prosecute more traffickers and drug lords. An innovative idea to dissuade the people from growing poppy and countering Taliban logic is to conduct an advertisement campaign, by highlighting the costs of poppy to the nation. An alternate way of approaching this problem is to crack down on the Hawla system of money transfer. This would choke the Taliban of funds. OPPOSITION TO TRADITIONAL ERADICATION Efforts are underway to eradicate poppy crops from the ground, but they are inefficient and costly. In one instance, the central eradication force set out to eliminate poppy crops in an area and were met with such resistance, that they had to retreat. This establishes that ground eradication is not the best possible option. However, President Karzai is against aerial eradication fearing it will turn public sentiment against the government. Karzai also portrays his poppy farmers as poverty stricken; claiming that there is no way this section of the Afghan population will be able to survive financially without their current means of livelihood. However he has been a big fan of incentives to turn farmers away from poppy cultivation. A great deal is being is being done to eliminate trafficking, but corruption runs so deep, that it is impossible to catch anyone, since everyone from the judges to the policemen are corrupt. The former attorney general attempted to prosecute some of them, but was stopped by Karzai for political reasons. THE ROLE OF POVERTY Recently however, new proof has emerged, that the ones trying to grow the poppy aren’t the poor farmers, as consistently propagated by the Afghani government. Satellite photos have shown that in the southern part of Afghanistan wells and canals are being dug, 8 Study Guide fertilizer bought and poppy is being grown on massive industrial-size plots, making it obvious the farmers are rich. Farmers are abandoning their traditional means of lifestyle, to get into the more profitable business of poppy cultivation. In recent UNODC reports it has been stated, that farmers growing poppy have now begun hugely costly land reclamation process. This means that the farmers have more resources to evade capture, increase output and possibly even survive the eradication of their crop once. It is the high margins that have made it the most effective poverty eliminator in rural Afghanistan. Per hectare, wheat yields 250-300 dollars, while poppy yields 1200 dollars. Poppy cultivation is soaring in the wealthier districts, while it is on a decline elsewhere. Considering poppy’s potential to eliminate poverty however, several economists have suggested, that the production of poppy for medicinal purposes be allowed, this however this is absolutely unacceptable to the international community. The Afghan government keeps professing the poverty of poppy growers, which allows countries to sympathize with the government in not following hard-core cracking down on opium production. Many believe that the poor poppy farmers are in fact the ones who are easier to stop and convert to licit crop-growers, and that the government’s claim that eradicating opium fields would cause a loss of livelihood, is not entirely true. Though many may disagree with the idea that the Afghan governments claim that the opium trade is the only means of livelihood for millions of Afghans, there is no denying some truth in the statement. Some say that it’s really only the rich farmers who are the producers of the majority of the opium and the poor ones are the ones who are easier to convert into licit crop-growers. Much against this theory, another view is that the cultivators in the Southern regions and the Helmand province are richer, and have larger opium fields at their disposal. Most of these farmers also have the protection of major warlords and sometimes even the Taliban. Thus, the government has obvious, and justified fears regarding storming these regions. US and NATO forces too, have steered well clear of this dangerous and volatile region. Even if they tried to convince the farmers to cultivate another crop instead of the poppy they do, think for a moment from the perspective of a farmer who has grown up in Afghanistan. When he was a youth, the country was being torn apart by war during the period of Soviet invasion. In those days, he never had enough to eat, and today, he earns a lot of money 9 Study Guide cultivating a crop with an almost unlimited demand and protection from deterrents provided by his buyers. Why would such a farmer choose to change his crop to something that will inevitably be less profitable, and risk being rounded up by his former protectors the warlords for halting his flow of income? On the other hand, in the Northern regions, where the farmers are poorer, there are less poppy fields, and smaller land holdings. So as a result, the farmers are poorer and have less chances of coming up to the standard of their Southern counterparts. Also, the Northern part of Afghanistan is the part that the government has more control of, in these regions it is easier for US and Afghan forces to carry out raids without fear of being attacked by the Taliban and its allies. The poorer farmers having never experienced true wealth offered by the opium industry in its fullest since they have never been able to expand to the extent of the Southern farmers, So, when the government goes up to these farmers and offers them other crops they do not have much to lose by accepting the licit crops. However, this changes little in their lives and they continue earning a meagre amount. The farmers in Afghanistan rely mainly on traditional methods of farming and are unable to adapt to the means of cultivation of the replacement crop, which may require different techniques from the ones practiced by the farmers. They soon come to realize that in a country as ravaged as Afghanistan the only crop which can ensure them of a yield every year and also a market is opium. However, now trapped growing the licit crop the government, usually under the influence of the US DEA, is supplying, their income and livelihood spiral from bad to worse. Thus, the opium farmers who the government was able to control, those in the north, have become poorer. And the government does not want to eradicate all the poppy immediately fearing loss of occupation and insolvency for several farmers. In the areas where the cultivation is greater, the farmers are richer. 0 Study Guide NARCO-TERRORISM Narco-terrorism, probably the chief evil arising from opium cultivation is an acute issue that will need resolution. It is best known as action against governments or authorities in an endeavour to illegally traffic opium worldwide. These actions take the form of violence or bribe and are thus acts of terrorism. However, this is a particularly vile form of terrorism in that it feeds itself. Imagine the example of a diamond merchant who owns a security agency. Now, his security agency obviously protects a storeroom full of his diamonds. Now, as this diamond merchant mines more and more diamonds, the security needed for his diamond storeroom increases simultaneously. Thus, the diamond merchant by mining more and more diamonds is funding both his businesses. This is how Narco-terrorism works, as the illegal opium cultivators harvest more and more opium, more and more terrorism is needed in the form of more violence on authorities to expand this trade. Thus, both the activity of opium cultivation and the practice of expanding trade in refined opium poppy are forms of terrorism which strengthen each other. Eradicate one, eradicate both. Perhaps the best known example of a Narco-terrorist outfit is the Forces of the Armed Rebellion, Columbia, and the FARC. The FARC originated as an opposition to the right wing parties in Columbia, but after a short, unsuccessful stint at polity, the group’s political nature came to an end and it began military expansion and coincidentally the expansion of its Narco-terrorist activities. This coincidence is attributed to the fact that in the 1980’s there was an international boom in the demand for illegal drugs, specifically cocaine. FARC and some other Columbian cartels became chief suppliers, worldwide. While the Cali and Medellin cartel’s led the way in cocaine production and distribution, the leaders of FARC soon realized the opportunities that coca cultivation provided. FARC started their foray into the drug and Narco-terrorist world by taxing local coca growers in southern towns. This taxing was carried out by extortion and similar acts of terrorism. The focus of the Columbian government on defeating the Cali and Medellin cartels resulted in much of the cocaine production moved to areas controlled by the FARC. This allowed the increased growth and strength of FARC to continue and consequently their influence grew. To summarize, FARC’s involvement in the drug trade was born out of rejection from the political system. The drug trade funded their attacks against the Colombian government. Increasingly, these attacks became terrorist in nature. Thus, the drug trade both caused as well as funded the FARC’s terrorism against the Columbian governments’ anti-drug efforts. In order to push their leftist agenda, FARC was using the drug trade to fund the attacks against the Colombian government and even kidnappings and killings of innocent peasants suspected of colluding with the paramilitaries. The growing power of the FARC forced the Columbian government into poor bargains and finally they granted FARC land the size of Switzerland near south of Bogota, only to have the FARCs drug trade increase by $300 million and anti-government terrorism to continue and grow as the rotten fruit of their hasty bargain. 11 Study Guide In Afghanistan, in recent times, the large influx of drug money has necessitated that this money be laundered through various methods to allow the Taliban to utilize it for their various purposes. This is done all over the world by specialists. The Hawla, or informal money transfer system has allowed thousands of dollars to cross continents with ease but the money trail left can not only lead us to the highest reaches of the Taliban. IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT In the words of CIA director Charles Cogan, â€Å"We sacrificed the war on drugs to fight the war on communism. † 12 Study Guide United States involvement in the opium trade in Afghanistan always believed to have existed has never been proved. Since 1980 the CIA has been active in the region first working to undermine the soviet run government, by providing resources and support to the mujahideen. In the words of an unnamed CIA officer, the CIA needed the lucrative profits of drug trafficking to fund its para-military activities all over the world. Once its purpose had been achieved, they ceased to support the then Mujahideen forcing it to depend on the most lucrative means of funding itself, opium. The CIA again entered the scene, in 2001, when they began paying off several drug lords, to help undermine the Taliban rule in Afghanistan as a direct result of which poppy production increased in the years after. Till date, the CIA has many â€Å"alleged† links to the drug trade and provides them with a certain degree of protection in exchange for information (denied vehemently). The most prominent of their alleged contacts is Ahmed Wali Karzai, Afghan president Hamid Karzai’s brother, who has many alleged links to Pashtun Drug Lords. He is also said to work with the CIA on smoothening logistical issues for CIA ground forces. Russia has often pressed the Afghan government into cutting off the drug production to no avail. In Afghanistan, recently a deadly new disease is destroying the poppy crop, and although allegations are being thrown, no proof has emerged. From corrupt army officials on the borders of Pakistan, that allow massive quantities of opium to be processed and trafficked into their country, to corrupt customs officials in Russia that allow their countries to be used as intermediaries to port officials in SE Europe that allow their countries to be used as global distribution centers. How to deal with this chronic disease of corruption is a question that will certainly need answering if we are to go ahead and try to save Afghanistan. 3 Study Guide IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY The most potent, and widely used product obtained from poppy is heroin. Heroin consumption, especially among the youth, is on the rise, driven by lower prices, higher purity and availability. It feeds a global addict population of around 30 million, 30,000 of which die in Russia alone, annually. Afghanistan al one retains 3%, a significant proportion of its crop, to feed its massive addict population. In the subcontinent alone there are almost a million underage users of heroin. 150,000 new people internationally use heroin every year. Heroin has several destructive effects on the body in the long and short term, the worst being heart attack as a short term and heart diseases as long term. However, heroin trafficking leaves a trail of death and destruction in its wake, creating gang violence and clashes with security forces, that leave hundreds dead annually. It feeds corruption and greed across 5 continents, undermining governments and pulling thousands into its deadly nexus, of greed and destruction. Not only that, but the profits from these illicit enterprises, are ploughed straight into the criminal underworld fuelling organized crime. Apart from the obvious terrorist activities, heroin has many hidden effects. Addicts commit serious crimes, like mugging and armed robbery, to pay for their addiction, and still die debt-laden. The cost to countries in term of human capital is immense; many talented people lose their minds and lives to this deadly drug, which takes more than 100,000 lives every year. It is not crime which fuels drugs, but drugs that fuel crime. The international cost due to this addiction directly and indirectly is many times that which is spent in its prevention; after all, prevention is better than cure, and in this case much cheaper. QUESTIONS A RESOLUTION MUST ANSWER 1. What can be and should be done about corruption in the legal system in Afghanistan? Are special autonomous prosecuting courts a viable option? You must also ensure that your interference in the same does not impede Afghanistan’s Sovereignty. 14 Study Guide 2. Is eradication of opium crops a viable option? If not what are the alternatives? What is the way forward concerning eradication? If yes, how will the population of Afghanistan be affected by eradication? 3. Is heroin production truly a monopoly of the rich or last resort of the poor? 4. What incentives can and should be offered to wean farmers of poppy production? Why are the present ones not working? And how can you ensure that farmers will accept the alternative crop/occupation? 5. Is legalisation (in whole or in part) a viable option, attempting to harvest the poppy for legitimate purposes like medicinal or others? 6. How can flow of funds across the world by terrorists be shut down? How can we identify their money laundering and transferring entities and shut them down? 7. How can we identify agents of smuggling and stem flow through heroin smuggling routes across Eurasia? 15